' Intelligence ' term was first introduced by Sir Francis Galton . Galton admits that the intellectual capacity of a decline in nature . Although he failed to build an intelligence test but it was he who introduced the concept of ' intelligence ' . According to a John (2005 ) , intelligence refers to an individual's cognitive abilities are learned from experience to make adjustments in day-to- day life .
According to Russell Chater and , in the psychology of intelligence is defined as the capacity to generate knowledge or understanding to use in new situations . Herrnstein and Murray was defined lines of intelligence as cognitive ability ( Bartholomew , 2004) . Thus, the whole intelligence is the capacity to learn or understand ( Chater & Russell , 2002) . Although the intelligence inherent in all human beings but the value or rate against the other person's intelligence is distinct . IQ is the abbreviation for the word -added intelligence quotient ( Intelligence Quotient ) . IQ associated with measurement of mental age . Thus, the IQ in intelligence refers to the mental ability and the speed of mind ( Chater & Russell , 2002) . According to Chater and Russell in their book entitled More IQ Testing ( 2002) :
IQ test are part of what is generally Referred to as ' psychological testing ' . Such test content may be Addressed to almost any aspect of our Emotional or intellectual make-up, including personality , attitude, intelligence or emotion .
Thus, we can understand that IQ generally refer to ' psychological test ' . Testing is done almost covers all aspects of intelligence or emotional make-up , including personality , attitude , or emotional intelligence . By definition an IQ test is any test that attempts to measure intelligence.
In Bartholomew's book , Measuring Intelligence , he has been studying the opinion and ideas of some of the theories of philosophers and concluded that individual intelligence can actually be measured . In his research, there are also opinions that say that intelligence can not be measured by empirical evidence. An important feature of human intelligence , by the individual intelligence tests measured to enable us to predict what it takes to man . For example , in the selection of qualified employees in an organization. In addition, individual intelligence tests are also important in knowing the implications that want to achieve in life or measure individual differences such as social attraction is the income implications of individual intelligence ( Bartholomew , 2004) . Looking at the importance of individual intelligence measurement as mentioned earlier , is arguably that individual intelligence can measure individual potential .
There are many types of individual intelligence tests that have been introduced and tested by scientists that apply to this day . Still kind of intelligence test that needs to be studied in this finding only four ( 4 ) types of Cognitive Ability Test, Kaufman Adolescent & Adult Intelligence Test, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children , and the Stanford- Binet Intelligence Scale (all editions ) .
The origin of the existence of intelligence tests are actually two ( 2) key founder Alfred Binet (1905 ) and Lewis Terman ( 1916) , as pointed out by Bartholomew in his book titled Measuring Intelligence : Facts and Falacies (2004 ) :
Two roots may be traced from the origins of intelligence testing to the present day and it is interesting that's there appears to have been little constructive interaction between Them in the early Crossing . The first , Selatan, a give rise to the term IQ, with Alferd Binet started around 1905 and reached its zenith with the appearance of Lewis Terman 's , The Measurement of Intelligence published in 1904 .
Individual intelligence tests can include several types of tasks and involves testing by painting the book to find out the reaction , a puzzle or game form assignments, question and answer sessions and more. These tests are evaluated based on the time taken to complete the task individually. Four ( 4 ) types of individual intelligence tests to be specified later will be discussed further in subsequent chapters .
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